Business Ethics Ethical Decision Making

Question: Discuss about the Business Ethics for Ethical Decision Making. Answer: Introduction: The problem of British Petroleum with the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, What are/were the ethical issues involved? British Petroleum being one of the largest Oil and Alternative Energy companies in the world, has always proposed to follow strict ethical guidelines in its business. The Oil Company has found to set confident and meaningful target regarding the issue to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and developed various alternative sources of energy such as solar power generation. BP has also showed its contribution towards reducing the greenhouse gases that result in Global warming. Between the year 1990 and 2010, all their practices had the image of an environmentally friendly company that keeps focusing in making the world green. In the recent scenario, there have been many actions from the Companys side that are regarded as extremely unethical. The incidents such as Alaskan oil Spill, the treatment done on the Colombian farmer, refinery fire at the Texas City and the explosion in the Gulf of Mexico, all resulted in creating an unethical approach that contrasted the ethical and corporate image of the Company. The oil spill that occurred in the Gulf of Mexico created huge devastating effect on nature and environment. This was the incident that marked the unethical and profit making intension of the Company and created a debatable situation. Many environmentalists and social workers fought against the ill approach made by the world recognized petroleum company and raised question on the ethical consideration of the company and the actual CSR reporting that the company does. 20th April 2010, undersea oil well blew out 50 miles off the Louisiana coast and resulted in the disaster that had many levels to unfold. The Deepwater Horizon drilling killed 11 workers and resulted in spilling of 4.9 million gallons of crude oil in the water before BP could cap the wellhead to stop the flow of oil in the Gulf of Mexico (Ratheesh, Berk McGorry, 2014). BP had reported that they have already spent $14 billion on the process of cleaning and restoration and bringing down the Gulf in the situation prior to the disaster. BP commented that no other company has ever such repair to any kind of industrial damage. On the opinion of various environmentalists, it has been pointed out that BP might have done a lot to remove the visible spilled oil found floating on the water but they have done very little to compensate the damage of the marine life and the ecosystem. Three year after the spill, the damage is still evident and the impact of the man made disaster still showed seve ral negative impacts on the environment. The actual rate of leakage of petroleum from the ocean floor has been restricted to measure. In fact, media and press were also restricted to access to the site to report about the disaster and its after effect. The Obama government that fights for transparency and right action did not allow raising the major question behind this degrading act on nature (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2015). This also created a serious note on the ethical approach towards society. BPs ethics cannot be considered as extremely absolutist or relativist because they are too extremist and cannot be applicable to the real world perspective. It can be said that the ethical approach is somewhat plurarist and aims rather to make profit than actual morality. BP has failed to remained conscious about their ethical practice and demonstrated categorical imperative in the decision making process. This approach of them has also failed to consider the stakeholders and their role in the Company (Ardichvili et al., 2012). The Et hical practice of British Petroleum is extremely ambiguous and is open to various conflicting perspectives. Considering what has been pointed out by Sebastiani, Montagnini and Dalli, (2013), that all these activities helped the Company to reach the point where the Company is and being the number one in the world but conversely as commented by Greenwood, (2013), it is also important to consider the ethical policies for the business. The Company has its own progressive approach to environmental protection. The Company had set targets and showed its progressive approach towards the protection of environment. The Company had showed positive approach adhering to Human Rights regulations and always ensured that the Company follows all kinds of operation and ethical consideration. The Zero tolerance policy against any kind of bribery or gift facilitation payment has pleaded its name to the United Nations Global Combat (Carroll Buchholtz, 2014). BP had even collaborated with Red Cross to gain financial support and demonstrated itself as a committed ethical company. British Petroleum had always tried to portray the image of the Company as beyond Petroleum by the means of altering the meaning of environmental issues. The petroleum company has showed various means of their ethical consideration and their responsibilities towards decisions and policies. The massacre that occurred in the year 2010 questioned the existence of such ethical practices from the Companys side. As pointed out by Carroll Buchholtz, (2014), that there occurred a dilemma to understand whether the decisions and policies were mere business ethics or a kind of corporate social responsibility. Destructing environment and killing of people are definitely unethical instances that contradicted the Human Rights and showed the other side of responsibility of the Company. Supporting the appropriateness of the ethical consideration, it has been pointed out by Miller, Goyal and Wice, (2015), a company rather than pursuing profit should highlight their ruthless and unethical behaviour th at was witnessed by the world in the recent scenario. However, the recent scenario has thrashed the image of a responsible and ethical industry of the world. The image of the Company was demolished with the single incident took place at the Gulf of Mexico. If the normative ethical theories, traditional theories of Consequentiality and the Ethics of Duties are considered then these exemplary theories demonstrated a contrasting nature of business ethics that was identified. According to the traditional ethical theory of Utilitarianism, it provides an insightful perspective of the ethical practices of BP. The Federal court has also found BP responsible for the degrading impact of water environment that BP has shown (Karppinen Oinas-Kukkonen, 2013). The main ethical issue that arises regarding the oil spill is the life of the marine animals that was adversely affected. Hundreds of metre deep in the ocean, the effect of the oil spill has drastically affected the marine world. By the end of the discussion it can be said that British Petroleum has violated the ethical consideration that a company should undertake. It has contradicted the Rule Utilitarianism that has contradicted human rights of the employees as well as degraded the condition of the environment. Apart from this situation, the company did not take any kind of severe approach to improve the condition of the water body as well as the declined condition of the water life. The marine life has suffered a lot as a result of the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico that can never be compensated or recovered. The question still remained whether the Company has certain ethical guidelines that the company follows in its business. Using the ethical guidelines only for the sake of marketing is not acceptable at all. The incidents have created a negative impact on the ethical approach undertaken by the Company. If the ethics of duties are also considered, BP has failed to show its ethical approach. Therefore, it can be said that the ethical considerations can be analyzed on the motivation and the outcome of the situation rather than portraying it publicly. Reference list: Ardichvili, A., Jondle, D., Kowske, B., Cornachione, E., Li, J. Thakadipuram, T., (2012). Ethical cultures in large business organizations in Brazil, Russia, India, and China.Journal of Business Ethics,105(4), pp.415-428. Carroll, A. B., Buchholtz, A. K. (2014).Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015).Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Greenwood, M. (2013). Ethical analyses of HRM: A review and research agenda.Journal of Business Ethics,114(2), 355-366. Karppinen, P. Oinas-Kukkonen, H., (2013), April. Three approaches to ethical considerations in the design of behavior change support systems. InInternational Conference on Persuasive Technology(pp. 87-98). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Miller, J.G., Goyal, N. Wice, M., (2015). Ethical Considerations in Research on Human Development and Culture. InThe Oxford Handbook of Human Development and Culture. Ratheesh, A., Berk, M., McGorry, P. D. (2014). Ethical Consideration for Treating At-Risk Populations.Bipolar Disorder in Youth: Presentation, Treatment, and Neurobiology, 133. Sebastiani, R., Montagnini, F., Dalli, D. (2013). Ethical consumption and new business models in the food industry. Evidence from the Eataly case.Journal of business ethics,114(3), 473-488.

The Good Evil Transformation Essays - Characters In Hamlet

The Good Evil Transformation The Good Evil Transformation Hamlets transforms from good to evil in the play Hamlet by Shakespeare. Hamlet experiences a lot of pain and becomes very anger because of his fathers death, his mothers bad remarriage, and the loss of his only love, Ophelia. The losses that Hamlet has to deal with are the anger and lack of forgiveness build in himself. This allows Hamlets true thoughts and character to be revealed through his soliloquies. First, Hamlet reveals his wishes that he could just melt away and be gone; because if he dies, he would be free from the world. Hamlet thinks about how his father was a leader and went from a noble king to a king that does not desire to help his people and serve his country. Hamlet loves the power and the fame that is comes with being a king. Hamlet also shows his anger and disbelief with women in general Frailty, thy name is women like his mother and her bad marriage with Clauduis. Hamlet says he is sick at heart over his father's death and his mother's remarriage. Hamlet finds out that his uncle Clauduis has killed the King, Hamlets father. The ghost of Hamlets father tells him to try and seek revenge against Clauduis who was responsible for the kings murder. So, Hamlet needs to kill Clauduis to avenge his fathers death. Hamlet must kill his uncle and get his innocent hands full of blood, so he can avenge his fathers death. Hamlet now turns into a deceitful person. He now tries to come up with a plan to kill Clauduis for his crime. Hamlet starts to question his ability to get revenge for his fathers death. He wonders if he is too much of a coward. Hamlet starts to think if it is better to live life with the pain of his fathers murder or try to get revenge by killing his uncle Clauduis. Hamlet believes that death is the same as going to sleep, forever. Hamlet thinks if he could go into a deep sleep that would stop all the pain and suffering plus all his sorrow and he would be happy to do it. Hamlet hesitates about taking his own life and falling asleep forever because, he thinks that when he is asleep he will have dreams and the dreams he will be very disturbing to him. For the first time, Hamlet meets his mother in privacy. At least that is what he thinks. He starts to discuss his feelings of his mother, but he vows that he will speak daggers, but he will never actually use one. While Hamlet speaks with his mother, someone else is listening to their every word. Polonius has devised a plan to hide himself behind a curtain in the room and listen in on Hamlet and his mothers conversation to find out if Hamlet has gone mad. Hamlet discovers that there is something behind the curtain. He thinks that it is Clauduis hiding behind the curtains and that he will finally get revenge like the ghost asked him to. Hamlet thinks his quest to avenge his fathers death is about to end. But, he is going to find out that it is not true. His ambition gets the best of him, and he does not think correctly. Hamlet kills the great Polonius. Before this event, Hamlet is known to use his intelligence before he commits a task, but this one action seemed to change his fate. He later blames his madness as being responsible for the death of Polonius. Hamlet is now starting to lose his mind. Hamlet now takes time to think of all the events that have just occurred. Everything is not going his way, makes his revenge for his fathers murder very difficult. He that hath made us with large discourse and the incapability of making godlike reason, made us only contain one part wisdom and three parts coward. With this, he questions why he still lives to say these words. Witness this army of such mass and charge, led by a delicate and tender prince, whose spirit, with divine ambition puffd. Hamlet emphasizes how a righteous and pure spirit becomes crushed by ambition, the aspiration of becoming renowned and accepted. My thoughts be bloody or be nothing worth. Hamlet has now revealed his own crisis. A righteous and pure spirit that has been crushed by his longing revenge towards Claudius. In Hamlet by Williams Shakespeare, Hamlets character is perceived at the beginning of

Rhetorical Appeals Analysis Essay Sample

Rhetorical Appeals Analysis Essay SampleThere are many things to look for when doing a rhetorical appeals analysis essay sample. If you are looking for a style guide, it should be easy to find. Here are some of the things to look for.First, try to avoid writing a wordy essay. A good rhetorical appeals analysis essay sample will consist of a brief paragraph that is easy to read and understand. Many people believe that this will give the reader too much information and this is why it is called a poor format. They believe that to have too much information is what makes an essay difficult to understand.The hard word should be 'easy.' It is not about how long or short your essay is; it is more about how well the essay flows. This is especially true if you have to go back and re-write your essay because it was too wordy.The next thing to look for is proofreading one's work. Many students believe that they can just read their essay aloud to someone else and it will read okay. However, it is not that simple. People may not be able to hear the words you write, but they should still be able to see them.You want to look at sentence structure. Your sentences should be flowy so they do not wind down at the end of each paragraph. As you go through your essay, you want to start at the beginning of each paragraph. When your reader is reading the first paragraph, you want to take the reader on a new page, and then finish your paragraphs with a bit of a twist.The sentence structure also has to make sense. It is important to look at how you put your subject and verb together, how long the sentence is, and how long the idea is. You can see when an essay does not flow properly if your subject is unclear or if the reader's thoughts are cut off.Writing a persuasive argument is an art, and when dealing with a rhetorical appeals analysis essay sample, you want to look at the way you phrase your ideas. You want to make sure that you have the ability to convince others of your points, an d to move them from a positive standpoint. If you are not a great speaker, you need to make sure that you learn how to craft a great speech in order to improve on your speaking skills.While you are writing your essay, you want to ensure that you consider all sides of an argument. You want to look at the arguments of both sides of an argument. You want to determine which one has the strongest arguments. This can help you when you go to write your essay later.

child develoment essays

child develoment essays articles The Amazing Power of Baby Love and A Year to Cheer (written by Dr. Stanley Greenspan and Emily Abedon, respectively) advocate intense coexistence between the child and the caregiver. These articles (taken from parenting magazine) are, in essence, guidelines to be used by the parents or caregiver to ensure proper development of their child up to the second year. The article also educates the reader that every child develops at their own pace, and there is no exact time table that one can easily look at to see how well their child is doing. Either way the two articles overly support deep mutual interaction between both the child and the caregiver. Stanley Greenspans The Amazing Power of Baby Love teaches that simple gestures and interactions help babies develop intelligence, language and character. It states that at 2 to 4 months (notice the allowance of time Greenspan gives) the child becomes more involved with the caregiver. Notice the correlation between the authors statement and Ainsworths Stages of Attachment (p463-465): Birth through 2 months- indiscriminate social responsiveness- at first, babies do not focus their attention exclusively on their mothers and will at times respond positively to anyone. 2 months through 7 months- discriminate social response- During the second phase, infants become more interested in the caregiver and the other familiar people and direct their social responses to From birth to approximately 2 months the infants is does not really who cares who handles them. Afterwards, from 2 through seven months the child develops into the next stage. Once the child is in the second stage of Ainsworths theory Greenspan insinuates that the child is intelligent enough to distinguish differences between people: your child seems to be more intensely involved with you. She may look longingly i...

Biochemical Processes of Oil Degradation

Biochemical Processes of Oil Degradation 1. INTRODUCTION Surfactants are surface active compound that reduce the interfacial tension between two liquids, or that between a liquid and a solid. Surfactants are organic compound that contain both hydrophobic (head part of the surfactant) and hydrophilic (tail part of the surfactant) moieties. Thus surfactant contains both water insoluble i.e. water repellent group as well as water soluble i.e. water loving group. Biosurfactants are also surface active compound like chemical surfactants but unlike the chemical surfactant, biosurfactant are synthesized by microbes like bacteria, fungi and yeast. Biosurfactants comprise the properties of dropping surface tension, stabilizing emulsions, promoting foaming and are usually non-toxic and biodegradable. Recently interest in biosurfactant has increased because of its diversity, flexibility in operation, and more eco-friendly then chemical surfactant (BS Saharan et al ., 2011; Eduardo J. gudiËÅ"na et al ., 2011). Biochemical process es of oil degradation carried out by microbes involves several type of enzymatic reactions driven by oxygenase, dehydrogenase and hydroxylase (Hamamura N et al., 2008). These enzymes cause aliphatic and aromatic hydroxidation, oxidative deamination, hydrolysis and other biochemical transformation of original oil substance leading to formation of large number of intermediate degradation products. However, a major limitation of microbial degradation of crude oil is its hyydrophobicity. Biosurfactant produced by oil degrading bacteria facilitate the uptake of crude oil hydrocarbons by bacterial cells and also have low toxicity and high biodegradability (Batista SB et al. , 2006). So, crude oil degrading bacteria with the ability to produce biosurfactant is widely recommended for fast degradation of crude oil. (Kumar M et al., 2006). Furthermore possibility of their production on large scale, selectivity, performance under intense conditions and their future applications in environ mental fortification also these have been increasingly attracting the attention of the scientific and industrial community. These molecules have a potential to be used in a variety of industries like cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, humectants, food preservative and detergents (BS Saharan et al. , 2011). But the production of biosurfactant on industry level is still challenge because of using high costly synthetic media for microbial growth. Biosurfactants are classified on the basis of diversity in their structure and their microbial origin. They contain a hydrophilic group, that contain an acid, peptide cations, or anions, mono-, di- or polysaccharides and a hydrophobic group of unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon chains or fatty acids. Biosurfactants produced by a variety of microorganisms mainly bacteria, fungi and yeasts are diverse in chemical composition and their nature and the amount depend on the type of microbes producing a particular biosurfactant. 1.1 Classification of Bio surfactant: Biosurfactants are classified in to two major group one is low molecular weight surface active agent call biosurfactant and high molecular weight substance called bio-emulsifier that is especially used as enhancement of emulsification of hydrocarbon. Further these two major group is divided in to six major group known as glycolipids, lipopolysaccharides, lipoproteins-lipopeptides, phospholipids, hydroxylated and cross linked fatty acids. (a) Glycolipids: Mostly biosurfactants are glycolipds. They are lipids with a carbohydrate attached. The connection is by means of either an ether or ester group. Among the glycolipids, the best known are rhamnolipids sophorolipids and trehalolipids.

Plea Bargaining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plea Bargaining - Essay Example Sometimes evidence, prior history, wealth and family can lure someone in power to change the way they may feel about prosecution others. The prosecuting attorney is the one who would decide whether a plea bargain is suitable. This should not be the case. A prosecuting attorney can decide to let someone whom is convicted to accept a plea bargain. Sometimes the plea bargain is given to the wrong person. Plea bargaining should be abolished under certain circumstances. Crimes that are a felony offense should not be able to accept a plea bargain. If the charge is damaging enough to qualify as a felony, the charge should not be able to be lessened. Those who are guilty of a certain crime should be held responsible for the crime committed. To give an example of why plea bargaining should be abolished in some cases is important. If a man in convicted of a felony rape charge, the charge can put the man in jail. In jail he will be forced to serve time for a crime that he committed. While in ja il, he can no longer hurt anyone else. If the man is offered a plea bargain and this plea bargain will keep him out of jail, he will be free to be out on the streets again. In this case, he may commit another crime. This can allow taking another victim. It is easy to see how this could have been avoided. On the other hand, there is a good side to offering a plea bargain.

1-Pilot & Non-pilot Protection of Transmission Lines Essay

1-Pilot & Non-pilot Protection of Transmission Lines - Essay Example This is of course in addition to today’s independent systems. It is important to note that the emphasis in this paper is not on the pilot scheme to be used but rather on whether a pilot system would be necessary. This follows the realization that a typical pilot terminal would cost $150K more compared with a non-pilot terminal. The question in this case is why would someone spend so much on a pilot scheme rather than just take up a non-pilot system which is less costly? The answers to this question serve as the justifications for the pilot scheme. Taylor (1927) says that the pilot scheme come in with additional benefits such as improved resistive coverage, high speed reclosing, and improved sustainability compared with the non-pilot system. In addition, the pilot scheme comes with alternatives to protection including fall back strategies, extensions to Zone 1, and inverse time over current. The pilot system also provides extended considerations mainly used in the determination of the system’s redundancy usually dependent on a number of factors including security, reliability, and dependability. The pilot system is also preferred because of its free interactions with the regulatory issues (Taylor, 1927). The protection of a transmission line has been a unique concept in the sense that, the system’s zone limit will have to separate geographical locations. This is contrary to the concepts in other systems such as buses, capacitors, and transformers. The idea behind the transmission line protection system is the alignment of the system elements and the input devices in one location and provides room for the instantaneous configuration of tripping. With the pilot scheme, this is usually done with very little coordination problems (Kim, 1996). Following the alignment of the system elements and input sources, all terminals will be